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Dema Borî (Past Tenses)
Kurdish has two main past tenses: Simple Past (Dema Borî ya Hêsan) for completed actions in the past, and Past Perfect (Dema Borî ya Pêşketî) for actions that had happened before another past action.
Simple Past (Dema Borî ya Hêsan)
Usage:
Used for completed actions in the past.
Formation:
Verb stem + past tense personal endings
Verb Conjugations
1. bûn (to be)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | bûm | I was |
| Tu | bûyî | You were |
| Ew | bû | He/She was |
| Em | bûn | We were |
| Hûn | bûn | You were |
| Ew | bûn | They were |
2. heye (to have)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Min ... hebû | hebû | I had |
| Te ... hebû | hebû | You had |
| Wî/Wê ... hebû | hebû | He/She had |
| Me ... hebû | hebû | We had |
| We ... hebû | hebû | You had |
| Wan ... hebû | hebû | They had |
3. hatin (to come)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | hatim | I came |
| Tu | hatî | You came |
| Ew | hat | He/She came |
| Em | hatin | We came |
| Hûn | hatin | You came |
| Ew | hatin | They came |
4. çûn (to go)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | çûm | I went |
| Tu | çûyî | You went |
| Ew | çû | He/She went |
| Em | çûn | We went |
| Hûn | çûn | You went |
| Ew | çûn | They went |
5. xwarin (to eat)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | xwardim | I ate |
| Tu | xwardî | You ate |
| Ew | xward | He/She ate |
| Em | xwardin | We ate |
| Hûn | xwardin | You ate |
| Ew | xwardin | They ate |
6. xwendin (to read / to study)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | xwendim | I read |
| Tu | xwendî | You read |
| Ew | xwend | He/She read |
| Em | xwendin | We read |
| Hûn | xwendin | You read |
| Ew | xwendin | They read |
7. kirin (to do / to make)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | kirim | I did |
| Tu | kirî | You did |
| Ew | kir | He/She did |
| Em | kirin | We did |
| Hûn | kirin | You did |
| Ew | kirin | They did |
8. gotin / bêjan (to say / to tell)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | gotim | I said |
| Tu | gotî | You said |
| Ew | got | He/She said |
| Em | gotin | We said |
| Hûn | gotin | You said |
| Ew | gotin | They said |
9. dîtin (to see)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dîtim | I saw |
| Tu | dîtî | You saw |
| Ew | dît | He/She saw |
| Em | dîtin | We saw |
| Hûn | dîtin | You saw |
| Ew | dîtin | They saw |
Past Perfect (Dema Borî ya Pêşketî)
Usage:
Used for actions that had happened before another past action.
Formation:
Past participle + bûn (to be) in simple past
Verb Conjugations
1. bûn (to be)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | bûbûm | I had been |
| Tu | bûbûyî | You had been |
| Ew | bûbû | He/She had been |
| Em | bûbûn | We had been |
| Hûn | bûbûn | You had been |
| Ew | bûbûn | They had been |
2. heye (to have)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Min ... hebûbû | hebûbû | I had had |
| Te ... hebûbû | hebûbû | You had had |
| Wî/Wê ... hebûbû | hebûbû | He/She had had |
| Me ... hebûbû | hebûbû | We had had |
| We ... hebûbû | hebûbû | You had had |
| Wan ... hebûbû | hebûbû | They had had |
3. hatin (to come)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | hatibûm | I had come |
| Tu | hatibûyî | You had come |
| Ew | hatibû | He/She had come |
| Em | hatibûn | We had come |
| Hûn | hatibûn | You had come |
| Ew | hatibûn | They had come |
4. çûn (to go)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | çûbûm | I had gone |
| Tu | çûbûyî | You had gone |
| Ew | çûbû | He/She had gone |
| Em | çûbûn | We had gone |
| Hûn | çûbûn | You had gone |
| Ew | çûbûn | They had gone |
5. xwarin (to eat)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | xwaribûm | I had eaten |
| Tu | xwaribûyî | You had eaten |
| Ew | xwaribû | He/She had eaten |
| Em | xwaribûn | We had eaten |
| Hûn | xwaribûn | You had eaten |
| Ew | xwaribûn | They had eaten |
6. xwendin (to read / to study)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | xwendibûm | I had read |
| Tu | xwendibûyî | You had read |
| Ew | xwendibû | He/She had read |
| Em | xwendibûn | We had read |
| Hûn | xwendibûn | You had read |
| Ew | xwendibûn | They had read |
7. kirin (to do / to make)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | kiribûm | I had done |
| Tu | kiribûyî | You had done |
| Ew | kiribû | He/She had done |
| Em | kiribûn | We had done |
| Hûn | kiribûn | You had done |
| Ew | kiribûn | They had done |
8. gotin / bêjan (to say / to tell)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | gotibûm | I had said |
| Tu | gotibûyî | You had said |
| Ew | gotibû | He/She had said |
| Em | gotibûn | We had said |
| Hûn | gotibûn | You had said |
| Ew | gotibûn | They had said |
9. dîtin (to see)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dîtibûm | I had seen |
| Tu | dîtibûyî | You had seen |
| Ew | dîtibû | He/She had seen |
| Em | dîtibûn | We had seen |
| Hûn | dîtibûn | You had seen |
| Ew | dîtibûn | They had seen |