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Dema Niha (Present Tense)
Kurdish has one present tense: Dema Niha (Present Tense). The same form is used for both habitual and ongoing actions - the difference is shown through context and time markers like "niha" (now) or "her roj" (every day).
Formation
Usage:
Used for both habitual and ongoing actions. The same form expresses:
- Habitual actions: "Ez her roj diçim" (I go every day)
- Ongoing actions: "Ez niha diçim" (I am going now)
- General truths and facts
Formation:
di- + verb stem + personal ending
Verb Conjugation Examples
1. bûn (to be)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | me | I am / I am being |
| Tu | yî | You are / You are being |
| Ew | e | He/She is / is being |
| Em | in | We are / We are being |
| Hûn | in | You are / You are being |
| Ew | in | They are / They are being |
2. heye (to have)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Min ... heye | heye | I have |
| Te ... heye | heye | You have |
| Wî/Wê ... heye | heye | He/She has |
| Me ... heye | heye | We have |
| We ... heye | heye | You have |
| Wan ... heye | heye | They have |
3. hatin (to come)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | têm | I come / I am coming |
| Tu | têyî | You come / You are coming |
| Ew | tê | He/She comes / is coming |
| Em | tên | We come / We are coming |
| Hûn | tên | You come / You are coming |
| Ew | tên | They come / They are coming |
4. çûn (to go)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | diçim | I go / I am going |
| Tu | diçî | You go / You are going |
| Ew | diçe | He/She goes / is going |
| Em | diçin | We go / We are going |
| Hûn | diçin | You go / You are going |
| Ew | diçin | They go / They are going |
5. xwarin (to eat)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dixwim | I eat / I am eating |
| Tu | dixwî | You eat / You are eating |
| Ew | dixwe | He/She eats / is eating |
| Em | dixwin | We eat / We are eating |
| Hûn | dixwin | You eat / You are eating |
| Ew | dixwin | They eat / They are eating |
6. xwendin (to read / to study)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dixwînim | I read / I am reading |
| Tu | dixwînî | You read / You are reading |
| Ew | dixwîne | He/She reads / is reading |
| Em | dixwînin | We read / We are reading |
| Hûn | dixwînin | You read / You are reading |
| Ew | dixwînin | They read / They are reading |
7. kirin (to do / to make)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dikim | I do / I am doing |
| Tu | dikî | You do / You are doing |
| Ew | dike | He/She does / is doing |
| Em | dikin | We do / We are doing |
| Hûn | dikin | You do / You are doing |
| Ew | dikin | They do / They are doing |
8. gotin / bêjan (to say / to tell)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dibêjim | I say / I am saying |
| Tu | dibêjî | You say / You are saying |
| Ew | dibêje | He/She says / is saying |
| Em | dibêjin | We say / We are saying |
| Hûn | dibêjin | You say / You are saying |
| Ew | dibêjin | They say / They are saying |
9. dîtin (to see)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ez | dibînim | I see / I am seeing |
| Tu | dibînî | You see / You are seeing |
| Ew | dibîne | He/She sees / is seeing |
| Em | dibînin | We see / We are seeing |
| Hûn | dibînin | You see / You are seeing |
| Ew | dibînin | They see / They are seeing |
Time Markers to Show Context:
| Time Marker | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| niha | now (ongoing) | Ez niha dixwim (I am eating now) |
| her roj | every day (habitual) | Ez her roj dixwim (I eat every day) |
| her gav | always (habitual) | Ez her gav diçim (I always go) |
| vê gavê | right now (ongoing) | Ez vê gavê dixwim (I am eating right now) |